A. Exam 4 will be given on Friday, June 30, 2000.

B. Exam 4 will cover:

1. All lectures from June 21 (The origins of the Great Depression) through June 29.
2. Perry et al., Western Civilization, pages 776-912.
   Use the text to answer questions which occur to you as you study other materials, to cover topics we have not had time to discuss in class, and to reinforce in your memory the material we cover in class.
   
3. Don’t forget to give special attention to the material on modern consciousness in the twentieth century that was covered on Quiz 4.
4. Give priority to studying lecture notes
   

C. Outline Of Exam 4

1. Take-home question (20 points).
   1. Refer to the handout entitled "Take-home Questions for Exams" for questions. Don't forget to choose a different question topic than you used on previous exams.
   2. Write your essay about the period of history beginning with the economic difficulties of the 1920s and ending with the 1990s.
2. In-class essay question (30 points, 20 minutes)
3. Multiple choice and short answer questions (50 points, 25 minutes)
4. The size and structure of the final exam will be the same as the previous tests, but you may use the full hour and one-half of the final class period to complete the exam.
   

D. In-Class Essays for Exam 4

Students will be required to answer ONE in-class essay question as a part of Exam 4. The following is a list of potential essay questions for the exam. Two of the essays questions below will be on Exam 4. Each student will pick one of these questions to answer on of the exam. Be sure to cite specific examples to support your answers.

1. Discuss the Great Depression, 1929-41. What economic problems were undermining the stability of the world economy in the 1920s? What economic crises were caused by the problem of war debts and war reparations? How did the crash of the New York Stock Market affect the world economy and contribute to the coming of the Depression? What were the consequences of the Depression? How did it impact people and governments around the world?
   

2. Discuss fascist political ideology. What factors prompted the rise of fascism as a distinctive political ideology? How was fascism different from liberalism and socialism? What were the principal elements of fascist ideology?
   

3. Discuss the rise of authoritarian militarism in Japan in the 1920s and 1930s. What were the goals of the militarists and why were they unhappy with Japan's current position in the world? What factors contributed to the growing power of the militarists in Japan's government? What actions did Japan take in the 1930s to expand its national possessions?
   

4. Discuss the rise to power of Benito Mussolini and Adolph Hitler. Describe the conditions of Italian and German society during the 1920s and early 1930s. How and why were these conditions undermining the stability of the Italian and German governments? How did this situation contribute to the rise of Italian fascism and German Nazism? How did Mussolini and Hitler gain control of the government?
   

5. Discuss the origins of World War II. How did the expansionist activities of Germany, Italy, and Japan from 1931-39 lead to the outbreak of World War II? What was appeasement, and how did it contribute to the coming of the war? What event was the immediate cause of the war?
   

6. Discuss the role of the Soviet Union in World War II. What factors prompted Hitler and Stalin to sign the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact in 1939? What was the result of that Pact? What territories did the Soviets seize while the rest of Europe was fighting Hitler? What prompted Hitler to declare war on Russia in 1941? What role did the Soviets play in the war after their entry in 1941?
   

7. Discuss the entry of the United States in World War II. What was isolationism? Why did the U.S. follow an isolationist foreign policy in the 1930s? What was the position of the U.S. when World War II began? What aid did the U.S. give to Britain before America's entry into the war? What events led to the undeclared naval war with Germany in the fall of 1941? What events brought the U.S. into conflict with Japan in 1940 and 1941? What event finally brought the U.S. into military participation in World War II?
   

8. Discuss the Cold War, 1945-75. What events caused the Cold War? In what ways was the Cold War an outgrowth of tensions within the Grand Alliance of World War II? To what extent was the U.S. to blame for starting and continuing the Cold War? To what extent was the Soviet Union to blame? What role did the following events play in fueling the Cold War: (1) the Berlin Blockade and Airlift, (2) the Korean War, (3) the Cuban Missile Crisis, and (4) the Vietnam War?